Sunday, April 12, 2009

Women doctors launch campaign to provide safe blood, others

TO reduce maternal mortality levels and complement government's efforts on health care services, a group of women doctors under the aegis of Doctors Health Initiative (DHI) has launched a maternal mortality reduction campaign to provide safe blood and emergency obstetric care in the country.

Speaking at the occasion recently, the group's President, Dr. Mrs. Obi Ideh, at the Regent Chinese Cuisine, Victoria Island, Lagos, identified none availability of safe blood in a situation of uncontrolled bleeding as one of the major factors against unnecessary death in women, especially during childbirth.

"The number one cause of death in women, especially during childbirth, is haemorrhage. It accounts for 23 per cent of maternal deaths. Availability of safe blood is crucial to reducing maternal mortality. Even in a cosmopolitan place like Lagos, there are many gaps in health care delivery.

"For instance, a pregnant woman in Lekki Phase 1, who requires an emergency blood transfusion, must have her blood sent to the closest blood bank, which is on Victoria Island to have it tested before it is taken back to her. This blood transfusion processing sometimes takes over an hour and death as a result of bleeding in pregnancy takes less than one hour. It is, therefore, clear why many of our expectant mothers die daily," she said.

According to her, the aim of the campaign is to sensitise the public on the issue and get community participation in resolving the matter, adding that the last stage of the campaign would be the provision of blood banks project to provide emergency obstetric care nationwide for such women.

Chairman of the event Col. Paul Obi (rtd.) commended the members of DHI for the novel idea and urged the participants at the event to support their initiative.

Deputy Speaker of Lagos State House of Assembly, Mrs. Tejuosho, who lauded the group for initiating the project, encouraged people to donate blood.
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How men, women cope differently with stress

CAN people's differing reactions to situations of stress be attributed at least in part to genetic differences and do those differences affect men and women in different ways - with the edge seemingly favouring the women? Research conducted at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem would seem to indicate that the answer to both questions is yes.

Some people appear to be resilient to difficult conditions, whereas others react adversely to such challenges, incurring a range of physical and mental disorders. Much research has shown that the way in which the brain and body adapt to acute and chronic stress are critical for physical and mental health.

Further, according to a recent report by the World Health Organisation (WHO), stress will be the second leading cause of mortality worldwide over the next 20 years.

It is generally believed that the genetic code plays a prominent role in different responses to stress. It has been estimated that the heredity factor determines by some 62 per cent the level of the stress hormone (cortisol) in our bodies.

However, only a handful of investigations so far have documented the role of specific genetic variants on shaping the stress response among individuals.

In an effort to reveal a genetic basis for coping with stress, the Hebrew University researchers devised a laboratory-based social stress test.

The trials were carried out on students at the Hebrew University, Department of Psychology and at the Aaron Beare Research Laboratories at Herzog Hospital by Idan Shalev, a doctoral student of Hebrew University Psychology Prof. Richard Ebstein and in collaboration with Dr. Marsha Kaitz of the Department of Psychology. The results were published recently online in the journal Psychoneuroendocrinology.

In the test, the researchers examined the salivary cortisol response in 97 university students via the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) devised at Trier University in Germany. The TSST measures changes in salivary cortisol to assess stress reactivity to challenging social situations.

The students were told that they would play the role of an interviewee for a job and had five minutes to convince the interviewers to hire them. The interview was carried out with a microphone and camera in front of a panel of three straight-faced judges.

Additionally, in a second phase of the interview, subjects were tested in a mental arithmetic task in which they were asked to count backwards (out loud) from 1,687 in multiples of 13 as quickly and accurately as possible. If the subject made a mistake he or she was asked to start the series again.

In addition to testing the cortisol level, mouthwash samples were taken and subjects were genotyped for the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, which is involved in supporting the growth and differentiation of brain cells.

Importantly, animal studies show that BDNF expression is reduced in chronic stress and restored by antidepressant treatment.

The BDNF gene is characterised by a variant that codes for either the valine (Val) or methionine (Met) amino acids. Individuals carry two copies of each gene, with the Val variant being more common. In the study, subjects carrying two copies of the VAL variant (Val/Val) were compared in their cortisol response to those carrying one copy of the Val and one of the Met (Val/Met).
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Obesity in pregnancy, conception season tied to birth defects risk

PREGNANT women who are obese are significantly more likely to give birth to children with birth defects than women of a healthier weight, according to a study conducted by researchers from Newcastle University and published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

Also, a new study suggests that women who conceive in the spring or summer (April to July) may run a higher risk of having a baby with a birth defect, and pesticide exposure might help explain why.

Using government data on United States births between 1996 and 2002, researchers found that birth defect rates were highest among women who had conceived between April and July.

During those same months, surface-water concentrations of pesticides and other agricultural chemicals generally increased based on government water-quality assessments.

The findings, reported in the journal Acta Pediatrica, point to correlations between pesticide levels and birth defects, but do not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.

Prior research has shown that obesity significantly decreases a woman's chance of conception and increases her child's risk of a wide range of health problems. In the current study, researchers compiled the results of 39 prior studies to gain a better idea of exactly how obesity affects the risk of birth defects.

They found that obese women had more than twice the risk of bearing a child with a neural tube defect, such as spinal bifida, than women with a body mass index of 25 or less. They also had a significantly higher risk of bearing children with cleft lips or heart defects. Body mass index is a measure of obesity calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. Obesity is defined as a body mass index higher than 30, while overweight is defined as a body mass index above 25.

The researchers are planning further studies to determine precisely how a mother's obesity affects the development of her infant. One possibility is that obesity may be linked to deficiency of key nutrients such as folic acid, which is strongly linked to neural tube defects.

"Folic acid does seem to be involved," said Andrew Russell of the Association for Spinal Bifida and Hydrocephalus. "It is very important for women planning a pregnancy or likely to fall pregnant to take a folic acid supplement." Another possible cause might be undiagnosed diabetes, another known risk factor for such defects.

The implications of the study for infant health are serious, said lead researcher Judith Rankin. "Given that we are seeing an increase in the number of people who are overweight or obese, then we may see an increase in the number of babies born with abnormalities," Rankin said. "Women who are thinking about trying for a baby need to check their own weight first and then think about seeking help if they are overweight. While you are pregnant it's not the time to start a weight loss diet but it is more important to eat sensibly and healthily."

The researchers in the Acta Pediatrica study point out that, some of the chemicals tracked in the study, such as the weed killer atrazine, are suspected of causing harm to developing embryos.
PREGNANT women who are obese are significantly more likely to give birth to children with birth defects than women of a healthier weight, according to a study conducted by researchers from Newcastle University and published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

Also, a new study suggests that women who conceive in the spring or summer (April to July) may run a higher risk of having a baby with a birth defect, and pesticide exposure might help explain why.

Using government data on United States births between 1996 and 2002, researchers found that birth defect rates were highest among women who had conceived between April and July.

During those same months, surface-water concentrations of pesticides and other agricultural chemicals generally increased based on government water-quality assessments.

The findings, reported in the journal Acta Pediatrica, point to correlations between pesticide levels and birth defects, but do not prove a cause-and-effect relationship.

Prior research has shown that obesity significantly decreases a woman's chance of conception and increases her child's risk of a wide range of health problems. In the current study, researchers compiled the results of 39 prior studies to gain a better idea of exactly how obesity affects the risk of birth defects.

They found that obese women had more than twice the risk of bearing a child with a neural tube defect, such as spinal bifida, than women with a body mass index of 25 or less. They also had a significantly higher risk of bearing children with cleft lips or heart defects. Body mass index is a measure of obesity calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. Obesity is defined as a body mass index higher than 30, while overweight is defined as a body mass index above 25.

The researchers are planning further studies to determine precisely how a mother's obesity affects the development of her infant. One possibility is that obesity may be linked to deficiency of key nutrients such as folic acid, which is strongly linked to neural tube defects.

"Folic acid does seem to be involved," said Andrew Russell of the Association for Spinal Bifida and Hydrocephalus. "It is very important for women planning a pregnancy or likely to fall pregnant to take a folic acid supplement." Another possible cause might be undiagnosed diabetes, another known risk factor for such defects.

The implications of the study for infant health are serious, said lead researcher Judith Rankin. "Given that we are seeing an increase in the number of people who are overweight or obese, then we may see an increase in the number of babies born with abnormalities," Rankin said. "Women who are thinking about trying for a baby need to check their own weight first and then think about seeking help if they are overweight. While you are pregnant it's not the time to start a weight loss diet but it is more important to eat sensibly and healthily."

The researchers in the Acta Pediatrica study point out that, some of the chemicals tracked in the study, such as the weed killer atrazine, are suspected of causing harm to developing embryos.
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Eating eggs has virtually no effect on cholesterol levels

Eating eggs has virtually no effect on cholesterol levels

EATING eggs does not significantly raise the body's cholesterol levels, according to a new study conducted by researchers from the University of Surrey and published in the Nutrition Bulletin of the British Heart Foundation.

The researchers reviewed the results of several different studies on eggs and nutrition, concluding that eggs did not contribute significantly to the body's cholesterol levels. Although eggs are in fact a high-cholesterol food, the researchers note that only one-third of the body's cholesterol comes from dietary sources; the rest is produced by the body from saturated fats. As a consequence, saturated fat intake plays a far more significant role.

"The ingrained misconception linking egg consumption to high blood cholesterol and heart disease must be corrected," researcher Bruce Griffin said. "The amount of saturated fat in our diet exerts an effect on blood cholesterol that is several times greater than the relatively small amounts of dietary cholesterol."

The researchers note that other factors, such as obesity, a sedentary lifestyle or smoking also have greater effects on cholesterol levels or the risk of cardiovascular disease than egg consumption does.

"The UK public does not need to be limiting the number of eggs they eat," Griffin said. "Indeed, they can be encouraged to include them in a healthy diet, as they are one of nature's most nutritionally dense foods."

Up until 2007, the British Heart Foundation (BHF) recommended that people limit their intake of eggs to three per week, as a way of reducing the risk of heart disease.

That advice is now considered outdated, however. "We recommend that eggs can be eaten as part of a balanced diet," said Victoria Taylor of the BHF. "There is cholesterol present in eggs, but this does not usually make a great contribution to your level of blood cholesterol. If you need to reduce your cholesterol level, it is more important that you cut down on the amount of saturated fat in your diet from foods like fatty meat, full fat dairy products, and cakes, biscuits and pastries."
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Heart patients to avoid energy drinks, says study

PEOPLE with high blood pressure or heart disease should not consume energy drinks, advise doctors from Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, United States.

In a study published in Annals of Pharmacotherapy, Dr. James S. Kalus and colleagues found that healthy adults who drank two cans of a popular energy drink experienced an increase in blood pressure and heart rate.

The increases in blood pressure and heart rate were insignificant for healthy adults, but could prove a problem for people with a heart-related condition, the researchers warn.

Energy drinks, marketed to enhance brain function and stamina, usually contain caffeine, taurine, sugars, vitamins, and other nutritional supplements, the investigators point out. The potential effects of energy drinks on blood pressure and the heart have not been well studied.

To look into this, the researchers studied 15 healthy volunteers, 20 to 39 years old, who abstained from other forms of caffeine for two days prior to and throughout the study.

On the first day after baseline blood pressure and heart rate measurements were taken, the adults consumed two cans of an energy drink. The researchers then measured the participants' blood pressure and heart rate again at different time points.

Tests showed that the subjects' average heart rate increased 7.8 per cent the first day and 11 per cent the seventh day. Blood pressure increased at least seven per cent the first and seventh days.

"Increases in blood pressure and heart rate of the magnitude observed in our study could be significant in persons with known cardiovascular disease," Kalus and his associates maintain. Young individuals with undiagnosed, premature cardiovascular disease could also be at risk.

The researchers say consumption of energy drinks, which should not be confused with sports drinks, which aim to replenish carbohydrates and electrolytes that a body needs, "could, theoretically, be a frequently overlooked cause of altered medication effectiveness or even hospital admissions or emergency department visits."
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When Workouts Go Wrong: Aerobics and Injuries

Aerobics are great exercises to do to get your heart pumping and your body sweating. You can use aerobic exercises in order to lose weight, build endurance, and stay heart healthy. However, there is also a downside to aerobic exercising for some people. If you are not careful, you could get injured due to aerobic exercise. Therefore, it is important to follow these tips to making sure you are exercising and using aerobics in a fun and healthy way for your body.

First and foremost, when you are doing aerobics consider your dress. Wearing good shoes is important. Aerobics require lots of movement, so when you have worn shoes or laces that come untied often, there is a good chance you may slip and fall. You should also consider the other articles of clothing you’re wearing. If they are too constricting or too heavy, you may become more easily overheated. Your clothing should breathe well and not be too tight in order to prevent you from injury.

Also consider your workout area, especially if you are working out at home. When you’re at home, you’ll need to make sure that you area is large enough for you to move and not bang into anything. It is also crucial that you service your workout equipment to make sure that it is in the best shape possible and will not cause injury. Your workout area at home should also be clean. When you workout, you sweat a lot and breathe heavily, so if you’re doing that in a dirty environment, you could pick up some nasty bacteria or viral infections.

Another tip to staying safe is to not push yourself too much. While it is important to push yourself in order to have the best and most intense workout possible. When you push yourself too hard, however, you put may find yourself pulling muscles, experiencing cramps, or otherwise injuring your body.

Your doctor can tell you more about how to stay safe while exercising. Remembering to warm up and cool down is necessary, as is doing the right exercises for your body, age, and gender. When you work out, you should feel your best, not be worried about injury.

Staying safe is important. If you are hurt, you won’t be able to do aerobics while you recover, and you will miss out on days or even weeks of training. If your health is important to you, that should include your safety, so take measures to being safe whenever you hit the gym to do your aerobics workout.

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Popular Aerobics Machines

When it comes to aerobics, you might find that you get a better workout on a machine rather than actually running or jumping rope. Remember that like every part of a healthy workout routine, aerobics are exercises that have to be tailored to your body and what is best for your health. You have to work together with your doctor and your personal trainer if you have one to develop a system for working out that works for you, and to make sure that whatever you are doing it is the best for your body and your mind as well.

Machines have become very popular when it comes to working out because sometimes they are easier to use and easier to get used to. You don’t have to worry about running outside when it is cold out or finding a way to get your workout when you don’t’ have time if you have a machine in your home that you can use. The point of aerobic workout is that you are getting your heart rate up and you are getting into shape. You can do this on a machine as well as running or jumping rope.

There are several different machines that you might want to try. The two easiest and most popular would be tread mills and bikes. On both of these, you can find that you can get a great work out. The point of an aerobic work out is to get your heart rate going, so if you are riding a bike or walking or running on a treadmill, you are going to be having your aerobic exercise.

The reason that these two machines are so popular is that they are handy. Riding an exercise bike can be something that you do in your living room no matter what time of day or temperature it is when you finally get around to working. Treadmills are the same too, you can get all of the exercise that you need while you are at home.

Having machines to use for your aerobic exercise is something that you should be able to do quite easily no matter where you decide to work out. As long as you are sure that you are still getting the same amount of exercise, you’ll be able to see the benefits of working on an exercise machine right away. It can be the best way that you have to get your work out completed and to get healthier!


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Lemon Water Every Morning: Miracle Health Drink or Just Hype?

Is drinking lemon water every morning actually good for digestion, immunity, and skin glow or is it just hype? 🍋 Lemon Water Every Morni...